|
Current Elevation : 9,123 feet (2,851 m)
Prior to Explosion : 13,440 feet (4,200 m)
Mount
Tambora
is located in
Sumbawa
Island
, an island of the Lesser Sundas (15,437 square km),
Indonesia
along the Sunda Arc. It lies about 188 miles behind the Sunda Trench, and the subduction zone in that area has a shallow dip and is less than 125 miles deep beneath Mount Tambora.
Mount
Tambora
might have been inactive for as long as 5,000 years before its 1815 erruption.
WHAT HAPPENED
Increases in steam and small phreatic eruptions proceeded the eruption for at least six months and probably up to three years.
On April 5, 1815, a moderately large explosion eruption occured. Ash fell in
East Java
and thunder-like sounds were heard up to 875 miles (1,400 km) away. About 150 cubic kilometers of ash were erupted (about 150 times more than 1980 eruption of Mounst St. Helens). The eruption column reached a height of about 44 km. The collapse of the eruption column produced numerous pyroclastic flows. As these pyroclastic flows reached the ocean where they caused additional explosions.
On April 10, 1815, a larger eruption occured and lasted until April 15. Volcanic explosivity index: 7 (max. 8 – Mount Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia ), ejected an estimated 50 –100 kg of melted rock, a caldera formed that measured 4.375 miles
(7 km) in diameter, earthquakes were felt 312.5 miles (500 km) away.
In Java the day was darkened by clouds of ashes, thrown from the mountain to that great distance ( 500 miles or 500 km), and the houses, streets, and fields, were covered to the depth of several inches with the ashes that fell from the air.
The heat triggered (800°C) a dreadful whirlwind which blew down nearly every house in the village. The sea rose nearly twelve feet above the highest tide-mark, sweeping any houses, trees, everything within its reach. This whirlwind lasted about an hour.
YEAR WITHOUT SUMMER 1816 - the effect of the biggest volcanic catastrophe in the history
THE WORLD
Famine was widespread due to crop failure, and crop prices rose dramatically.
EUROPE AND
SWITZERLAND
Europe suffered from food shortages and
Switzerland
declared a national emergency.
UNITED STATES
Historians cite this year as the primary motivation for rapid settlement of the American Midwest.
The excessive weather conditions forced Mary Shelley to stay indoors and write Frankenstein.
The eruption killed about 92,000 people; about 10,000 people died immediately from tephra falls, pyroclastic flows, etc. , about 82,000 people died later due to starvation, disease,etc., and the death throughout the world is predicted reach the amount of 48,000 people caused by starvation and disease due to the resulting climate change. All the vegetation on several nearby islands were destroyed.
The eruption sent the enormous of volcanic ash into the atmosphere, and weather patterns worldwide were altered. Much of the northen hemisphire experienced cooler temperatures in the following summer; global temperatures were lowered by as much as 3 degrees C. The reason of a year without summer after 104 years questioned.
Probably when the European Farmers particurally in
Germany
started to smile after the crop failure caused by the volcano, IT WAS THE START OF THE BAUER FEST.
SO THINK
How was the weather in the area surrounding
Indonesia
and in the southern hemisphere affected by the explosion.
COME to
Sumbawa Island
Indonesia
and come for a learning travel to the historical
Mount
Tambora
.
THE CURRENT
MOUNT
TAMBORA
Gunung Tambora dominates the northern peninsula of
Sumbawa Island
Indonesia
. It is heavily wooded, and surrounded by a thick belt of rain forest, a strange contrast to the aridity of the remainder of the peninsula. The slope of Gunung Tambora is also the preserve region for genuine wild animal of the island; Banteng (oxen), Sumbawa Deer and the barking deer.
TRIP TO
MOUNT
TAMBORA
(Travel for Learning and the Monument Visit)
The ascent that starts from the footpath at
Pancasila
Village
takes three days; however it may take longer depending on the purpose of trip and your point of origin.
|
